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- Test
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By: Tom Hannagan Part 1 Risk-based pricing starts as a product-level reflection of a bank’s financial and risk characteristics. In my last few posts we have covered the key parts of how risk-based loan pricing works. In doing so, we have discussed how the key foundation elements involved in risk-adjusted loan pricing can (and should) relate to the bank’s accounting results and strategic policies: Loan balance, rate and fee data relates to the bank’s actual general ledger amounts; The administrative costs are also derived from actual non-interest expenses; The cost of funds is aligned with the policies used in the ALCO operation and in the IRR management processes; The statistical cost of credit risk used in pricing (providing sensitivity to the loan’s risk rating) is derived partially from the bank’s credit and provisioning policies; The taxes are the bank’s actual average experience; and For banks using ROE/RAROC, the equity allocation is related to the bank’s overall (unexpected) risk posture and its capital sufficiency policies. Once a bank understands risk-adjusted pricing and can calculate the risk-adjusted return (ROA or ROE/RAROC) for a given loan, what more can we do to help the lender close the deal? And, what can we do to help lenders assist the bank with meeting profit goals? The answer to both questions is: “quite a lot”. First, bank management and lending executives can set various risk-based goals or guidelines that are based on the same data and foundation logic that was used to create the risk-based profit calculations. This analytical form of targeting helps take the profit (and therefore pricing) process out of the realm of “blue sky” numbers or simply wishful thinking on the part of management. The risk-based targeting guidelines benefit from the same analytical processes that went into the logic behind creating the profit calculations. The targets should be as well-founded as the analysis that went into the profit calculations. Then the fun begins. First at the loan level: Once we have the ability to calculate risk-adjusted loan profit and we have similarly founded targets or guidelines, we can easily use the profit calculations in reverse to solve for a required loan rate and/or origination fee that will meet the target profit. The lender can change a structural aspect of the loan under consideration and quickly see the impact on risk-adjusted profit. More importantly, they can see how these changes relate to the guidelines or target. In fact, the lender could look at any number of changes to the loan amount, tenor, amortization rate, moving the risk rating up or down, and changing the rate from fixed to floating impact to see what relative impact the change has on risk-adjusted profit. Because knowledge is one key to successful negotiation, the lender is in a substantially stronger position to conduct the sales and negotiation phases of landing the deal. There is a substantially higher likelihood the resulting loan will be a better risk-adjusted return for the bank than would take place by ignoring such pricing practices. Add up all of the loan and lines done in the course of a year and you see a significant impact on the bank’s overall performance. In my next post, I’ll expand this concept to the relationship management level.

So here it is! The moment you all have been waiting for–the top ten hot topics of 2009 (in no particular order of importance). 1. Portfolio Risk Management – You should really focus on this topic in 2009. With many institutions already streamlining the origination process, portfolio management is the logical next step. While the foundation is based in credit quality, portfolio management is not just for the credit side. 2. Review of Data (aka “Getting Behind the Numbers”) – We are not talking about scorecard validation; that’s another subject. This is more general. Traditional commercial lending rarely maintains a sophisticated database on its clients. Even when it does, traditional commercial lending rarely analyzes the data. 3. Lowering Costs of Origination – Always a shoe-in for a goal in any year! But how does an institution make meaningful and marked improvements in reducing its costs of origination? 4. Scorecard Validation – Getting more specific with the review of data. Discuss the basic components of the validation process and what your institution can do to best prepare itself for analyzing the results of a validation. Whether it be an interim validation or a full-sized one, put together the right steps to ensure your institution derives the maximum benefit from its scorecard. 5. Turnaround Times (Response to Client) –Rebuild it. Make the origination process better, stronger and faster. No; we aren’t talking about bionics here — nor how you can manipulate the metrics to report a faster turnaround time. We are talking about what you can do from a loan applicant perspective to improve turnaround time. 6. Training – Where are all the training programs? Send in all the training programs! Worry, because they are not here. (Replace training programs with clowns and we might have an oldies song.) Can’t find the right people with the right talent in the marketplace? 7. Application Volume/Marketing/Relationship Management – You can design and execute the most efficient origination and portfolio management processes. But, without addressing client and application volume, what good are they? 8. Pricing/Yield on Portfolio – “We compete on service, not price.” We’ve heard this over and over again. In reality, the sales side always resorts to price as the final differentiator. Utilizing standardization and consistency can streamline your process and drive improved yields on your portfolio. 9. Management Metrics – How do I know that I am going in the right direction? Strategize, implement, execute, measure and repeat. Learn how to set your targets to provide meaningful bottom line results. 10. Operational Risk Management – Different from credit risk, operational risk and its management, operational risk management deals with what an institution should do to make sure it is not open to operational risk in the portfolio. Items totally in the control of the institution, if not executed properly, can cause significant loss. Well, that’s it. We encourage your feedback on this list. Let us know which of these ten topics is a priority for your institution and what specific areas in each topic you would like to see addressed.

I’m speculating a bit here, but I have a feeling that as the first wave of Red Flag rule examinations occurs, one of the potential perceived weak points in your program(s) may be your vendor relationships. Of particular note are collections agencies. Per the guidelines, “Section 114 applies to financial institutions and creditors.” Under the FCRA, the term “creditor” has the same meaning as in section 702 of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA), 15 U.S.C. 1691a.15 ECOA defines “creditor” to include a person who arranges for the extension, renewal or continuation of credit, which in some cases could include third-party debt collectors. Therefore, the Agencies are not excluding third-party debt collectors from the scope of the final rules and “a financial institution or creditor is ultimately responsible for complying with the final rules and guidelines even if it outsources an activity to a third-party service provider.” A general rule of thumb in any examination process is to look closely at activities that are the most difficult for the examinee to control. Third-party relationship management certainly falls into this category. So, make sure your written and operational programs have procedures in place to ensure and regularly monitor appropriate Red Flag compliance — even when customer (or potential customer) activities occur outside your walls. Good luck!


