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The Importance of Risk Management in Banking

Published: August 15, 2023 by Laura Burrows

It’s no secret that the banking industry is essential to a thriving economy. However, the nature of the industry makes it prone to various risks that can have significant consequences. Therefore, effective and efficient risk management is vital for mitigating these risks and enhancing the stability of the banking sector. This is where risk management in banking comes in. Let’s look at the importance of risk management in banking and its role in mitigating risks in the industry.

What is risk management in banking?

Risk management in banking is an approach used by financial institutions to manage risks associated with banking operations. Establishing a structured risk management process is essential to identifying, evaluating and controlling risks that could affect your operations. The process involves developing and implementing a comprehensive risk management framework consisting of several components, including risk assessment, mitigation, monitoring and reporting.

Importance of banking risk management

Banks face risks from every angle – changing customer behaviors, fraud, uncertain markets, and regulatory compliance, making banking risk management critical for the stability of financial institutions. There are various risks associated with the industry, including: 

  • Credit risk: The probability of a financial loss resulting from a borrower’s failure to repay a loan, which results in an interruption of cash flows and increased costs for collection.
    • How to mitigate: Leverage advanced analytics, data attributes, and predictive models to improve predictability, manage portfolio risk, make better decisionsand acquire the best customers.
  • Market risk:The likelihood of an investment decreasing in value because of market factors (I.e., changes in interest rates, geopolitical events or recessions).
    • How to mitigate: While it is impossible to eliminate market risk, you can diversify your assets, more accurately determine your risk threshold and stay informed on economic and market conditions. 
  • Liquidity risk:The risk that an organization cannot meet its short-term liabilities and financial payment obligations.
    • How to mitigate: More regularly forecast your cash flow and conduct stress tests to determine potential risk scenarios that would cause a loss of liquidity and how much liquidity would be lost in each instance. 
  • Operational risk:Potential sources of losses that result from inadequate or failed internal processes (I.e., poorly trained employees, a technological breakdown, or theft of information).
    • How to mitigate: Hire the right staff and adequately train them, stay up to date with cybersecurity threats and automate processes to reduce human error.
  • Reputational risk: The potential that negative publicity regarding business practices, whether true or not, will cause a decline in the customer base, costly litigation or revenue reductions.
    • How to mitigate: Define your bank’s core ethical values and relay them to stakeholders and employees. You should also develop a reputational management strategy and contingency plan in case a reputation-affecting incident occurs.

Risk management in banking best practices

Successful banks embrace risks while developing powerful mechanisms to prevent or manage them and stay ahead. By taking a proactive approach and leveraging risk management tools, you can minimize losses, enhance stability and grow responsibly. 

The steps for implementing a banking risk management plan, include: 

  • Risk identification and assessment: Financial institutions need to identify potential risks associated with their operations and assess the severity and impact of these risks.
  • Risk mitigation: Once risks have been identified and assessed, financial institutions can implement strategies to mitigate the effects of these risks. There are several strategies for risk mitigation, including risk avoidance, reduction, acceptance and transfer.
  • Risk monitoring and reporting: One of the fundamental principles of a banking risk management strategy is ongoing monitoring and reporting. Financial institutions should continually monitor their operations to identify evolving risks and develop mitigation strategies. Generating reports about the progress of the risk management program gives a dynamic view of the bank’s risk profile and the plan’s effectiveness.

Several challenges may arise when implementing a risk management strategy. These include new regulatory rules or amendments, cybersecurity and fraud threats, increased competition in the sector, and inefficient resources and processes. An effective risk management plan serves as a roadmap for improving performance and allows you to better allocate your time and resources toward what matters most. 

Benefits of implementing a risk management strategy

Banks must prioritize risk management to stay on top of the various critical risks they face every day. There are several benefits of taking a proactive approach to banking risk management, including:

Improved efficiency: Enhance efficiency and deploy more reliable operations by identifying areas of weakness or inefficiencies in operational processes.

Confident compliance: Ensure you comply with new and amended regulatory requirements and avoid costly fines. 

Enhanced customer confidence: Foster customer confidence to increase customer retention and mitigate reputational risk.

Partnering to reduce risk and maximize growth

Effective risk management is crucial for mitigating risks in the banking industry. By implementing a risk management framework, financial institutions can minimize losses, enhance efficiency, ensure compliance and foster confidence in the industry. 

At Experian, we have a team of experts dedicated to supporting our banking partners. Our team’s expertise paired with our innovative solutions can help you implement a powerful risk management process, as well as:

  • Leverage data to reach company-wide business goals.
  • Lower the cost of funds by attracting and retaining deposits.
  • Protect your business against fraud and risk.
  • Create less friction through automated decisioning.
  • Grow your business portfolio and increase profitability.

Learn more about our risk management solutions for banks and fraud risk solutions.

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At Experian, we believe in fostering innovation and collaboration to solve complex challenges. Recently, Ivan Ahmed, one of our talented product management leaders at Experian Housing, had the opportunity to participate in the FHFA 2024 TechSprint, where his team won the award for the best Risk Management and Compliance idea. In this article, we share Ivan's experience as he reflects on the TechSprint, the inspiration behind his team's project, and the valuable lessons learned. Can you share your experience participating in the FHFA 2024 TechSprint? What was the atmosphere like, and how did it feel to be recognized for the best Risk Management and Compliance idea? Let me start by explaining what a TechSprint is. It is a fast-paced, high-energy collaborative workshop where diverse experts and stakeholders come together to design technological solutions to complex problems. Each team is given a high-level problem and use case. From there, stakeholders and domain experts must develop a proof of concept within 3 days to best address the problem. On the last and final day, called the “Demo Day,” teams must showcase their solution in front of a panel of judges. It’s a fun, high-energy, challenging, and rewarding experience. A TechSprint is a convergence of everything I love – technology, business, and design and I think FHFA did a wonderful job orchestrating the event. Each team consisted of representatives from different functions in the housing ecosystem, including lenders, technologists, product managers, and regulators. We were given access to a room, whiteboards, and, most importantly, delicious snacks. We were also given access to industry subject matter experts outside our teams, including representatives from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, FHFA, and leaders from top companies. What I found the most impactful was the ability to pressure test our ideas and solutions against these industry subject matter experts. Ideating in a vacuum can be challenging, so being able to stress test things rapidly with these experts allowed us to change course quickly as new information was introduced. Winning the best Risk Management and Compliance idea award was rewarding, especially as we were able to ideate a solution to such a critical accessibility issue. Ultimately, our goal was to help create a fairer, more equitable, and inclusive housing finance system. A big shoutout to my teammates, Wemimo Abbey, Joseph Karbowski, Will Regenauer, and Eddy Atkins. What inspired Team Arsenal to focus on identifying potential gaps in ADA compliance within multifamily buildings, and what were some of the key challenges your team faced during the process? My mother has suffered from several disabilities most of her life. With age, she has become more wheelchair-dependent, and traveling has become a major challenge. On a recent family trip, the entry to our hotel building wasn’t ADA-compliant, and I had to carry her up a flight of stairs. It was frustrating to deal with. I later went down a rabbit hole around ADA compliance and, much to my surprise, learned that only 0.15% of all homes in the U.S. are wheelchair accessible! As we explored the problem space further as a team, we learned how difficult it is to ensure that new and existing rental homes are ADA-compliant. We hypothesized that a solution is needed to establish incentives for borrowers, lenders, and GSEs to meet compliance. A technological solution could more easily enable multi-family lenders and builders to identify rental units that are non-ADA compliant and could provide ways to address the gaps. We noticed two primary challenges: an enforcement gap and an incentive gap. We learned that agency loans (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) account for most multi-family home loan originations. If we could tackle the enforcement challenge at the GSE level, we could set up the proper incentives for all players in the multi-family lending process. By providing tools to both the borrower and the GSE’s, we could help foster a more inclusive and accessible rental housing market. How do you envision your AI-driven solution impacting the rental housing market and improving ADA compliance for multifamily buildings? We wanted to ensure that we leveraged the true power of Generative AI, which meant that our solution could take multimodal inputs and produce multimodal outputs. For example, we could train the Generative AI model on photos of interior multi-family rental units and structured or unstructured text like building sketches, site layouts, and local building codes. We could then incorporate ADA design requirements and analyze discrepancies. The result would be a compliance report or tool outlining the adherence level to ADA design requirements and providing tips and recommendations on remediation. The solution could be delivered as a free tool by the GSEs, who could incentivize its usage by offering price concessions to borrowers. Developers could also use the tool to evaluate whether new or existing builds were ADA-compliant. How did your background and experience with Experian contribute to developing your team's winning idea at the FHFA TechSprint? Much of my role at Experian has involved exploring ways to leverage proprietary and public record property data for marketing, account review, and analytical use cases. I work very closely with property data at Experian, so I was very familiar with the types of input fields of property data that would be the most relevant to improving a generative AI model output. Specifically, in our use case, we wanted to train the model to better identify homes and features that were non-compliant with ADA and provide clear remediation steps. We knew that public record property information was available from various sources and could be leveraged as additional third-party input data to improve our model accuracy. What advice would you give to other teams or individuals looking to participate in future TechSprint events, especially those aiming to tackle complex issues like risk management and compliance? It’s important to remember that an ideal solution is both impactful and practical. Practicality is achieved when the solution has both business and technical viability. Therefore, it’s crucial to carefully vet problems and solutions by understanding their viability. Working as a team to solve the problem means leveraging the expertise of subject matter experts around you. Each team member should draw on their strengths, making the collective effort stronger than individual contribution. Most importantly, fairness, inclusivity, and accessibility matter. An effective solution should strive to have a positive social impact in addition to other considerations. Winning with purpose Ivan’s journey through the FHFA 2024 TechSprint exemplifies the innovative and collaborative spirit that drives our team at Experian. His reflections highlight the impact of well-designed technological solutions on critical issues like ADA-compliance in multifamily housing. We hope Ivan’s experience inspires others to explore their potential in solving complex problems and to participate in future TechSprints, where innovative thinking and a commitment to social good can lead to meaningful change.

Published: September 10, 2024 by Scott Hamlin