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Retail media networks (RMNs) are an exciting innovation within the advertising industry. A retail media network refers to an advertising platform that a retailer owns, providing marketers with the opportunity to buy advertising space on the retailer’s digital platforms as well as extend their reach offsite with key platforms the retailer has partnered with to open up their media buying to advertisers. The retailer uses first-party data and customer insights to create new advertising opportunities and connect with shoppers throughout their buying journey.
In this article, we’ll discuss the significant advances in retail media trends and technology — and their implications for the future of advertising.
Benefits of retail media for advertisers
Every online impression counts in the digital era, making retail media especially advantageous for advertisers. It yields new opportunities for advertisers to thrive, which we’ll discuss below.
Get access to first-party data
First-party data is a valuable asset for advertisers. Retail media networks offer advertisers direct access to customer insights from the retailer’s data vault, which helps them create highly personalized ad campaigns and connect with current and potential customers.
Custom marketing options for each brand
Retail media provides brands with various marketing options, from product listings to onsite display advertising. These options allow advertisers to customize their approach, deliver tailored messages to their target audience, and meet consumers where they are.
Reach new customers
Retail media networks empower advertisers to connect with new and existing customers using retailers’ extensive digital presence. These networks extend beyond a retailer’s own website and allow brands to tap into a broader audience base; major RMNs often have a significant offsite presence and provide advertisers with opportunities to reach consumers across various digital touchpoints and platforms beyond the retailer’s controlled environment. This reach enhances brand visibility, engages diverse audiences, and contributes to the growth of customer acquisition.
Closer proximity to purchase decisions
Another benefit of retail media is its ability to position brands closer to the point of purchase in the customer journey. Targeted, data-driven advertising strategically placed across various touchpoints enables retailers to influence consumers when they are already lower in the purchase funnel. This proximity increases the likelihood of faster purchase decisions, especially when complemented by strategies such as timely offers and retargeting, expediting the decision-making and conversion processes.
Consumers prefer personalized advertising
Research has shown that approximately 50% of consumers will spend more money with companies that personalize their e-commerce retail experience. Ads relevant to a consumer’s interests and aligned with their behaviors make shoppers more likely to engage with a brand and find it easier and more convenient. As retailers honor consumer preferences for personalized advertising, they’ll find it easier to align with consumer preferences and provide an improved shopping experience.
Retail media network use case: Experian’s impactful marketing attribution with a discount store giant
Experian’s past collaboration with a discount store giant involved implementing a comprehensive marketing attribution strategy. The primary goal was to effectively demonstrate brand campaign performance and optimize ad spend within the retail media network. We built a full-stack attribution solution that connected their offline and online data, and our approach was as follows:
- We started by collecting exposure data from all touchpoints, such as the website, app, and offsite display and social, to turn anonymous exposures into identified individuals and households.
- Additionally, we gathered debit and credit card transaction data from in-store and online points of sale to better understand purchase behavior. We also unveiled new demographic insights for the retailer.
- To streamline the decision-making process, we provided an easy-to-read reporting tool that showcased vital performance metrics.
Takeaways from the collaboration emphasized the importance of:
- Understanding the audience seeing the ads and those making purchases.
- Analyzing incremental lift and identifying insights or trends.
- Sharing these valuable insights across the organization and with advertisers to inform future campaigns and brand positioning.
Utilizing recent trends in the retail media landscape
This case study serves as a prime example of how recent retail media trends are shaping a data-centric, integrated, and insights-driven future for advertising in retail. Our marketing attribution strategy aligns with the industry’s shift toward data-driven decision-making in RMNs.
Today, retailers are adopting full-stack attribution solutions like ours, enabling them to connect offline and online data to understand customer interactions better. This reflects the trend of looking for a holistic view of customer journeys and highlights the importance of integrating diverse data sources to understand consumers comprehensively.
Moreover, our strategy to transform anonymous exposures into identified individuals, integrate transaction data, unveil new demographic insights, and provide an easy-to-read reporting tool mirrors the trends of enhanced personalization, merging online and offline data, and simplifying analytics within RMNs.
Using new retail media
Our introduction of a user-friendly reporting tool highlights the potential of new retail media to change how advertisers analyze data and gain actionable insights. It emphasizes the value of advanced tools in optimizing ad campaigns, measuring performance metrics, and informing future strategies. New technology will continue to drive effective marketing attribution and shape the future of retail advertising.
Kroger Precision Marketing’s newly announced platform
Kroger Precision Marketing (KPM) represents another excellent retail media use case. The retail media arm of the popular supermarket chain is looking to the future with the launch of its advertising platform. KPM is committed to innovation, and this move underscores its desire to be at the forefront of the retail media landscape. Let’s take a closer look at some of the essential features of this new platform.
In-house
KPM recently announced the launch of an in-house advertising platform — a significant shift from their previous practices, where they relied on external tools and systems for their retail media services. By bringing the ad technology in-house, KPM has greater control, flexibility, and the ability to align its platform precisely with its retail media goals. This decision enhances Kroger’s self-sufficiency and enables quicker adaptation to evolving market demands.
KPM’s new in-house platform was officially rolled out on October 13, 2023, and is redefining how advertisers interact with Kroger’s expansive base of consumers.
Easier for media buyers
KPM’s in-house platform is also focused on providing better tools for media buyers. The platform is designed to offer advanced automation and optimization capabilities that will make campaigns more efficient and data-driven. By using this platform, media buyers can easily reach the right audience, customize their messages, and fine-tune their campaigns — all in one place.
Integrated platform
KPM’s new platform will integrate with existing ad campaigns and eventually encompass all their retail media options. This interoperability makes migrating ongoing campaigns easy and minimizes disruptions to advertising efforts. In the long run, the platform will serve as the foundation for all KPM’s retail media services. Advertisers will have a one-stop solution for on-site and off-site media channels to ensure consistency and efficiency in retail media strategies.
KPM’s emerging retail media solutions demonstrate a commitment to advertisers and their changing needs in a shifting digital era.
Home Depot retail media
Home Depot, a well-known player in the home improvement retail industry, has made great strides in retail media. With an impressive annual customer transaction count of 1.7 billion and 3.6 billion visits to homedepot.com, their Retail Media+ platform provides advertisers with unparalleled visibility, reaching 198 million individual customers across 2,322 stores, according to their site. The benefits of Retail Media+ also include 24/7 self-service access to advertising portals, real-time reporting for campaign optimization, and dedicated support.
What Home Depot’s Retail Media+ does right
Home Depot’s Retail Media+ has set itself apart through strategic initiatives that prioritize enhancements to the shopper experience. Here’s a closer look at what makes Home Depot’s approach to RMN noteworthy:
- Seamless integration: Retail Media+ seamlessly integrates into the customer’s journey without disrupting their experience. The platform allows the delivery of targeted ads across various Home Depot-owned spaces, including the website, app, in-store, email, and offsite channels like social and video.
- Supplier-centric ad inventory: Home Depot allocates the majority of its RMN ad inventory to suppliers. This ensures the ads presented to customers align closely with the products available at Home Depot for a natural connection between onsite and in-store experiences.
- Customer-centric approach: Melanie Babcock, Vice President of Retail Media+ and Monetization at The Home Depot, emphasizes maintaining a customer-centric perspective. The goal is not merely to monetize the website but to enhance the customer journey by incorporating suppliers into the process. This approach contributes to a more personalized and relevant shopping experience.
- Exploration of offsite opportunities: Home Depot is actively exploring opportunities to expand its RM+ platform beyond onsite channels. Initiatives include piloting in-store video screens and venturing into connected TV (CTV). By considering the entire customer journey, Home Depot aims to provide value to suppliers while gaining deeper insights into customer behavior.
- Strategic use of data science: With the help of data scientists, Home Depot ensures personalized precision in its advertising efforts. This aligns with the shopper’s preferences and needs and makes the ads more relevant and engaging.
- Ongoing adaptation and expansion: Home Depot’s proactive stance is evident in its continuous efforts to adapt and expand its RMN initiatives. The exploration of offsite channels, partnerships with platforms like Roku and Disney Advertising, and the piloting of in-store video screens showcase a commitment to staying at the forefront of evolving digital retail trends.
Home Depot’s success with their RMN stems from its commitment to creating a symbiotic relationship between customers, suppliers, and the retail brand. Home Depot has set a benchmark for RMNs by aligning advertising efforts with the customer’s journey and embracing technological advancements.
Amazon retail media
Amazon Advertising, the retail media division of Amazon, has become another dominant force in the industry. Let’s take a quick look at what they’ve done well and what they could improve.
Scale of Amazon’s retail media
In 2022, eMarketer estimated that Amazon commanded a 76.9% share of retail digital media spend, blowing its competitors out of the water. Walmart, the second-largest player, trailed far behind with a 6.1% share. This underscores Amazon’s unparalleled influence and market presence in the digital advertising landscape and solidifies its position as the go-to platform for advertisers looking to reach a massive audience.
What works for Amazon
Amazon has an unmatched advantage when it comes to personalizing ads and delivering relevant content to consumers. With over 200 million Prime members in the U.S. alone, Amazon has access to vast amounts of valuable data that spans shopping habits, preferences, and more. This data is invaluable for advertisers looking to target their audiences with precision, and it gives Amazon a significant edge in the market.
What needs to change
Although Amazon continues to thrive, there’s always room for improvement. For instance, to attract brand dollars, traditional retailers are starting to concentrate on channels where Amazon has less historical dominance, such as in-store experiences and email marketing. Understanding this potential, Amazon has been experimenting with email tools to enhance merchant-audience connections and widen its reach. As ad sales’ profitability becomes more significant, incorporating these offerings into Amazon’s retail media strategy could further strengthen its market position.
Walmart retail media
Walmart has been working hard to become a more dominant retail media force. Walmart Connect, the retailer’s retail media network, has done an excellent job bridging the gap between online and in-store activities. It provides a unique closed-loop system that connects online and in-store activity on an unprecedented scale. This mechanism offers advertisers a comprehensive view of Walmart customers’ behavior, giving them valuable insights and measurable business results. With this closed-loop approach, advertisers can access a holistic view of customer activity and achieve successful marketing campaigns.
How Walmart ties together online and in-store activities
Walmart’s massive brick-and-mortar presence and its comprehensive online platform provide a complete view of customer behavior and preferences. This synergy between the digital and physical is a compelling selling point for advertisers that gives them a holistic view of consumer interactions. Walmart’s connected shopping experience integrates both online and in-store activities, allowing advertisers to engage with customers from the research stage to the online or in-store purchase stage of the buying journey.
New features and technology Walmart’s retail media platform is trying
As part of their innovative initiatives, Walmart Connect introduced the “Holiday Hub,” recognizing Walmart as America’s go-to holiday shopping destination. Advertisers can use this hub to gain key customer insights and implement product best practices to ensure a meaningful omnichannel connection during the holiday season.
In terms of new features and technology, Walmart Connect provides various advertising options to help brands stand out from the crowd:
- The Search feature ensures visibility when customers actively search for products, with ads appearing prominently in search results and on browse pages.
- Display ads, strategically placed on Walmart.com, the Walmart app, and across the web, aim to make a premium impression on customers based on their omnichannel Walmart history.
- For in-store influence, Walmart Connect offers opportunities to inspire shoppers through digital TV and point-of-purchase screens across 4,700+ Walmart stores.
- Walmart’s closed-loop measurement uniquely enables advertisers to correlate online ads with purchases, providing unparalleled scale and accuracy in measuring campaign impact.
Whether for a small business or a global brand, Walmart Connect offers solutions to help marketers discover new and effective ways to connect with their target audience.
The future of RMNs
The future of retail media networks (RMNs) is bright and holds exciting possibilities. These five key dynamics will likely drive retail media evolution:
Smaller retailers getting into the RMN game
With each passing day, more small brands are becoming active with RMNs. This trend is highly beneficial, bringing diversity, competition, expanded reach, and collaborative potential to the landscape. The future of RMNs is expected to be shaped by a mix of established and emerging brands. This will create an inclusive environment for advertisers and consumers alike.
Potential for cross-platform campaigns
Cross-platform campaigns in RMNs allow advertisers to create a cohesive, impactful, and data-driven advertising approach across different retail media networks. This shift in campaign strategy aligns with the dynamic nature of consumer interactions in the digital landscape, as it provides a comprehensive solution for brands that seek to enhance their presence and influence across diverse channels.
Targeted vs. personalized ads
Personalized ads are becoming a notable trend in RMNs and replacing targeted ads. This means RMNs now provide consumers with more relevant and tailored content based on their interests and preferences. The shift is driven by the increasing demand for personalization and the need to improve the consumer shopping experience. RMN advertisers must take advantage of these personalized ad opportunities to create stronger brand awareness.
Conversions vs. brand awareness
Advertisers often struggle when deciding whether to focus more on conversions or brand awareness. For a well-rounded strategy, RMN advertisers should craft campaigns that balance these two goals. Using the data and insights from RMNs, advertisers can personalize their messaging to drive sales and build and reinforce brand recognition. This approach can help RMN advertisers make brand awareness a central component of their advertising efforts.
Third-party data integration to enhance data and audiences
As RMNs evolve, data expansion is essential for targeted, personalized, and contextually relevant advertising experiences and will help drive the future success of retail media. Advertisers using third-party data, in particular, can unlock new dimensions in audience targeting to create more tailored and impactful campaigns. Third-party data allows for a broader understanding of customer behaviors and preferences and facilitates relevant content delivery.
Data insights for more connected, tailored advertising
Moving forward, it will also be important for advertisers to achieve a consistent view across online, app, and in-store activities. They need to understand where customers prefer to be reached and where they are most likely to engage so they can ensure a strategic alignment of messaging and optimize the effectiveness of their retail media strategies. The future of RMNs lies in using comprehensive data insights for more connected and personalized advertising.
What about AI? Where is it useful?
In the retail media context, AI (Artificial Intelligence) enhances advertisers’ capabilities by providing valuable insights and automation to drive more effective and personalized ad campaigns. AI helps analyze vast amounts of data, predict consumer behavior, and empower advertisers with the tools to optimize their strategies. Ultimately, it helps them deliver more tailored, relevant content to consumers that best aligns with their interests and preferences.
Humans still needed to drive change
While AI is a critical technology in retail media, it doesn’t replace the need for human expertise. People are still essential for driving change, making strategic decisions, and ensuring AI-driven solutions align with business objectives. Moving forward, advertisers will need to utilize both AI-driven capabilities and human expertise to see the greatest success.
A connected customer identity is the key to success
The future of advertising lies in the seamless integration of customer identity across various touchpoints. Experian’s cutting-edge solutions are leading the way in this transformation. We can help businesses navigate this dynamic environment with helpful tools that unlock a comprehensive view of audiences and facilitate effective campaigns across multiple channels.
Partner with Experian to achieve retail media success
Experian’s comprehensive data and identity solutions can help RMNs maximize their opportunity, with our new solution tailored to enhance RMNs’ strength in first-party shopper data. Experian’s solution helps RMNs unlock expanded customer insights, enriched audiences for activation, identity resolution for cross-channel audience targeting, and real-time measurement and attribution. This comprehensive solution is designed to help RMNs capture more advertising revenue. Our goal is to ensure you capture the most advertising dollars and make your RMN operate at its peak performance.
Our Consumer Sync solutions can connect customers across multiple touchpoints and channels, specifically bridging the gap between online and in-store to ensure a holistic view and strategy for audiences, campaigns, and performance. With access to over 2,500 frequently updated data points, we have the depth and breadth of data needed to supplement your audience strategy. We’ll help you unlock a broad view of your audiences to see well-rounded profiles, gain the reach required to access your audience across multiple channels, and turn opportunities into revenue. Additionally, our Consumer View solutions can help deepen your understanding of your customers, their behaviors, and campaign success.
Connect with a member of our team today to get started.
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Published in MediaPost With the explosion of smartphones and digital tablets and the steady rise of Internet-connected televisions, gaming consoles, and more, consumers are increasingly watching online video when and where they want. New research from Experian Marketing Services on cross-device video found that as of October 2013, 48% of all U.S. adults and 67% of those under the age of 35 watched online video during a typical week, up from 45% and 64%, respectively, just six months earlier. At the same time, the share of households considered “cord-cutters” — those with high speed Internet but no cable or satellite TV — is on the rise, and that has a real impact on marketers and on the medium of television, the recipient of the largest share of advertising dollars. While the growing trend in cord-cutting is understandably disturbing to cable and satellite companies and disruptive to the television advertising revenue model overall, the growth in online viewing creates opportunities for marketers. Online video viewers can be more easily targeted and served up advertising that is more relevant, responsive and measureable. Marketers can also be more confident that their online ad was actually seen given that viewers are typically unable to skip ads. And while CPMs for online video ads may generally be lower than those of TV, marketers can use that savings to negotiate costs based on clicks or transactions rather than impressions, giving them a better picture into audience interest and insights to inform their budget allocation. Expect “Cutting the cord” to continue Today, over 7.6 million U.S. homes or 6.5% of households are cord-cutters, up from 5.1 million in 2010 or 4.5% of households. One thing enabling consumers to cut the cord is the rise in Internet-connected TVs, which allows viewing of Internet video on demand without sacrificing screen size. In fact, a third of adults (34%) now have at least one TV in the home that is connected to the Internet either directly or through a separate device like an Apple TV or Roku, up from 25% in 2012. With the launch of devices like Google’s Chromecast and the Amazon Fire TV, those numbers are sure to rise even more in the months and years ahead. Cord-cutters like the bigger screen Our analysis found that the act of watching streaming or downloaded video on any device is connected to higher rates of cord-cutting but the act of watching on a television is the most highly correlated. In fact, adults who watch online video on a television are 3.2 times more likely than average to be cord-cutters. Those who watch video on their phone (the device identified in the analysis as that most commonly used for watching online video) are just 50% more likely to be cord-cutters. Millennials are more likely to be cord-cutters We found that households with an adult under the age of 35 are almost twice as likely to be cord-cutters. Throw a Netflix or Hulu account into the mix and the rate of cord-cutting among young adult households jumps to nearly one-in-four. Given these surprising stats, many Millennials may be cord-cutters without ever having “cut” a cord. And that’s an important trend to watch since it means a significant portion of this generation will never pay for TV. Millennials are also the most device-agnostic, with over a third saying they don’t mind watching video on a portable device even if it means a smaller screen. That’s more than double the rate of those ages 35 and older. This decentralized viewing can create headaches for marketers who need to start a relationship with Millennials during this stage of their lives when they’re most open to trying out new brands and have yet to settle down. On the plus side, marketers who do manage to reach this audience will find them much more open to advertising than average. In fact, Millennials are more than four times more likely to say that video ads that they view on their cell phone are useful. So while the challenge is big, so is the potential reward.
Published in AdExchanger. “Data-Driven Thinking" is written by members of the media community and contains fresh ideas on the digital revolution in media. Today’s column is written by Tom Manvydas, vice president of advertising strategy and solutions at Experian Marketing Services. The proliferation of connected electronics has spurred new interest in device-recognition technologies even though they have been in use since the 1990s. As we enter the “Internet of Things” era, device recognition will significantly impact the ad tech ecosystem. Many network advertising technologies are becoming obsolete as cookie blocking grows and the Internet becomes more mobile and device-centric. Device recognition will be yet another technology challenge for marketers but has the potential to overcome many key tracking, measurement and privacy issues with which data-driven marketers have struggled. By leveraging device recognition technologies, marketers can protect their investments in Web 2.0 ad tech, like multitouch attribution, and improve their overall digital marketing programs. Device Recognition Vs. Cookies Device recognition attempts to assign uniqueness to connected devices. By focusing on the device, you are able to “bridge” between browsers and apps, desktop to mobile and across OS platforms like iOS and Android. Device-recognition IDs function like desktop cookies for devices but with four important differences: 1. Coverage: Device-recognition methods are largely immune from cookie limitations. About half of mobile engagements on the Web do not involve cookies, while third-party blocking impacts up to 40% of desktop engagements. 2. Persistency: Device-recognition IDs can be more persistent and less fragmented than most desktop cookies. For example, Apple’s UDID or Android ID are permanent, and network node IDs like MAC addresses are near-permanent. Proxy IDs such as IDFA are persistent but can be updated by the device owner or ID provider. 3. Uniqueness: Devices are unique and cookies are fragmented. The digital media industry incurs substantial overhead cost and loss of efficiency when dealing with fragmented profiles and obsolete data caused by cookie churn. However, device-recognition methods are limited in their ability to recognize multiple profiles on shared devices. 4. Universality: Device-recognition technologies are universal and generally work across devices and networks. However, interoperability issues across device operating systems, such as iOS and Android, can limit the universal concept. There are many types of device-recognition technologies but two basic approaches to device recognition: deterministic and probabilistic, each with their pros and cons. Deterministic Approach: Accurate And Persistent But Complicated Deterministic device recognition primarily uses the collection of various IDs. While the mobile developer is familiar with the variety of IDs, it’s important that marketers become better-versed in this area. Examples include hardware IDs (including serial numbers), software-based device IDs (such as Apple’s UDID or the Android ID), digital data packet postal codes or proxy IDs (such as MAC addresses for WiFi or Bluetooth, IDFA for both iOS and Android and open-source IDs). Deterministic methods improve the accuracy of tracking, targeting and measurement over current cookie-based methods. They can improve the ability to more persistently manage consumer opt-outs. But the proliferation of device types limits the universality of deterministic device recognition. Without uniform standards across platforms, marketers need to account for multiple ID types. Also, deterministic device-recognition methods are not well developed for desktop marketing applications. The lack of interoperability across deterministic device IDs makes execution too complicated. Deterministic device IDs were meant for well-intentioned uses, such as tracking the carrier billing for a device. However, they present privacy and data rights challenges, leading to blocking or limited access by companies that control IDs. Probabilistic Device Recognition: A ‘Goldilocks’ Solution Probabilistic device recognition may be the ideal solution for a connected world that does not rely on cookies nor wants to use overly intrusive deterministic device recognition. Probabilistic device recognition is not a replacement for deterministic IDs. Instead, it complements their function and provides coverage when they are not available. The probabilistic approach is based on a statistical probability of uniqueness for any single device profile. This approach creates a unique profile based on a large number of common parameters, such as screen resolution, device type and operating system. This process can uniquely identify a device profile with 60% to 90% accuracy, compared to 20% to 85% accuracy for cookie-based identification methods. Probabilistic IDs are more persistent than cookies with better coverage, but less persistent than deterministic device IDs. The natural evolution of the device takes place over time and prevents persistent identification. Probabilistic device recognition can be universal and is not impacted by interoperability issues across platforms — the technology used to generate a probabilistic ID on one network can be the same technology on another network. Unlike some deterministic device recognition approaches, there is no device fingerprinting. Probabilistic device recognition accurately identifies profiles in aggregate, rather than a single device. That’s the inherent beauty of probabilistic device recognition: It can generate more accurate targeting results than cookie-based methods without explicitly identifying single devices. This is more than good enough for most marketers and significantly better than what’s available today. Another benefit is the absence of any residue on the device — no cookie files, flash files or hidden markers. Probabilistic methods can work on devices that block third-party cookies or connect to the Web without using any cookies. For example, you might have a hard-to-reach but valuable audience segment. Probabilistic device recognition could effectively increase your reach on this segment by 40% to 50% and increase the overall targeting accuracy by two times. Let’s say the actual population for this segment is 100,000 members. The typical cookie-based approach might reach 28,000 members but the typical probabilistic device-recognition approach could reach 65,000 members. A Decline In Hardware Entropy If you take a close look at the emitted data from today’s devices, it is not easy to analyze it for device identification. That’s because the data footprint of one device looks a lot like another. Device recognition augmentation methods can address this, such as device usage profiles, geo location clustering, cross-device/screen analytics or ID linkage for first-party data owners. In the short term, device-recognition technologies, particularly probabilistic methods, can greatly improve today’s digital marketing programs. Marketers should become fluent in their use cases and benefits. If 2013 was the year of mobile, I think we’ll see a surge in marketing applications based on device-recognition technologies in 2014. Follow Experian Marketing Services (@ExperianMkt) and AdExchanger (@adexchanger) on Twitter.
According to Experian Marketing Services’ 2014 Digital Marketer: Benchmark and Trend Report, social media Websites are playing an increasingly important role in driving traffic to other Websites, including retail sites and even other social networking sites, at the expense of search engines and portal pages. For instance, as of March 2014, social media sites account for 7.72 percent of all traffic to retail Websites, up from 6.59 percent in March 2013. Further, Pinterest, more than Facebook or YouTube, is supplying the greatest percentage of downstream traffic to retail sites. According to the Digital Marketer Report, more retailers are directing their customers to social media within their email campaigns. In fact, 96 percent of marketers now promote social media in their emails, and it shows. In 2013, for instance, email Websites generated 18 percent more clicks to social networking pages than the year prior. Social drives more traffic to other social Websites Social media Websites are driving more and more traffic to other social sites. In 2013, 15.1 percent of clicks to social networking and forum sites came from other social networking sites, up from a 12.5 percent click share reported in 2012. Despite driving the greatest share of traffic to social networking sites with 39.1 percent of clicks, search engines’ share of upstream traffic to social declined a relative 13 percent year-over-year. Among the other top referring industries to social, only the portal front pages industry — which includes sites like Yahoo!, MSN and AOL and is closely affiliated with search engines — showed a drop in upstream click share providing further evidence that increasingly all (or most) roads lead to social. To learn more about key trends in social media traffic, including downstream traffic from social sites and the share of consumers accessing social media across multiple channels, download the free 2014 Digital Marketer: Benchmark and Trend Report.