Originally appeared on MarTech Series
Marketing’s understanding of identity has evolved rapidly over the past decade, much like the shifting media landscape itself. From the early days of basic direct mail targeting to today’s complex omnichannel environment, identity has become both more powerful and more fragmented. Each era has brought new tools, challenges, and opportunities, shaping how brands interact with their customers.
We’ve moved from traditional media like mail, newspapers, and linear/network TV, to cable TV, the internet, mobile devices, and apps. Now, multiple streaming platforms dominate, creating a far more complex media landscape. As a result, understanding the customer journey and reaching consumers across these various touchpoints has become increasingly difficult. Managing frequency and ensuring effective communication across channels is now more challenging than ever.
This development has led to a fragmented view of the consumer, making it harder for marketers to ensure that they are reaching the right audience at the right time while also avoiding oversaturation. Marketers must now navigate a fragmented customer journey across multiple channels, each with its own identity signals, to stitch together a cohesive view of the customer.
Let’s break down this evolution, era by era, to understand how identity has progressed—and where it’s headed.
2010-2015: The rise of digital identity – Cookies and MAIDs
Between 2010 and 2015, the digital era fundamentally changed how marketers approached identity. Mobile usage surged during this time, and programmatic advertising emerged as the dominant method for reaching consumers across the internet.
The introduction of cookies and mobile advertising IDs (MAIDs) became the foundation for tracking users across the web and mobile apps. With these identifiers, marketers gained new capabilities to deliver targeted, personalized messages and drive efficiency through programmatic advertising.
This era gave birth to powerful tools for targeting. Marketers could now follow users’ digital footprints, regardless of whether they were browsing on desktop or mobile. This leap in precision allowed brands to optimize spend and performance at scale, but it came with its limitations. Identity was still tied to specific browsers or devices, leaving gaps when users switched platforms. The fragmentation across different devices and the reliance on cookies and MAIDs meant that a seamless, unified view of the customer was still out of reach.
2015-2020: The age of walled gardens
From 2015 to 2020, the identity landscape grew more complex with the rise of walled gardens. Platforms like Facebook, Google, and Amazon created closed ecosystems of first-party data, offering rich, self-declared insights about consumers. These platforms built massive advertising businesses on the strength of their user data, giving marketers unprecedented targeting precision within their environments.
However, the rise of walled gardens also marked the start of new challenges. While these platforms provided detailed identity solutions within their walls, they didn’t communicate with one another. Marketers could target users with pinpoint accuracy inside Facebook or Google, but they couldn’t connect those identities across different ecosystems. This siloed approach to identity left marketers with an incomplete picture of the customer journey, and brands struggled to piece together a cohesive understanding of their audience across platforms.
The promise of detailed targeting was tempered by the fragmentation of the landscape. Marketers were dealing with disparate identity solutions, making it difficult to track users as they moved between these closed environments and the open web.
2020-2025: The multi-ID landscape – CTV, retail media, signal loss, and privacy
By 2020, the identity landscape had splintered further, with the rise of connected TV (CTV) and retail media adding even more complexity to the mix. Consumers now engaged with brands across an increasing number of channels—CTV, mobile, desktop, and even in-store—and each of these channels had its own identifiers and systems for tracking.
Simultaneously, privacy regulations are tightening the rules around data collection and usage. This, coupled with the planned deprecation of third-party cookies and MAIDs has thrown marketers into a state of flux. The tools they had relied on for years were disappearing, and new solutions had yet to fully emerge. The multi-ID landscape was born, where brands had to navigate multiple identity systems across different platforms, devices, and environments.
Retail media networks became another significant player in the identity game. As large retailers like Amazon and Walmart built their own advertising ecosystems, they added yet another layer of first-party data to the mix. While these platforms offer robust insights into consumer behavior, they also operate within their own walled gardens, further fragmenting the identity landscape.
With cookies and MAIDs being phased out, the industry began to experiment with alternatives like first-party data, contextual targeting, and new universal identity solutions. The challenge and opportunity for marketers lies in unifying these fragmented identity signals to create a consistent and actionable view of the customer.
2025: The omnichannel imperative
Looking ahead to 2025 and beyond, the identity landscape will continue to evolve, but the focus remains the same: activating and measuring across an increasingly fragmented and complex media environment. Consumers now expect seamless, personalized experiences across every channel—from CTV to digital to mobile—and marketers need to keep up.
The future of identity lies in interoperability, scale, and availability. Marketers need solutions that can connect the dots across different platforms and devices, allowing them to follow their customers through every stage of the journey. Identity must be actionable in real-time, allowing for personalization and relevance across every touchpoint, so that media can be measurable and attributable.
Brands that succeed in 2025 and beyond will be those that invest in scalable, omnichannel identity solutions. They’ll need to embrace privacy-friendly approaches like first-party data, while also ensuring their systems can adapt to an ever-changing landscape.
Adapting to the future of identity
The evolution of identity has been marked by increasing complexity, but also by growing opportunity. As marketers adapt to a world without third-party cookies and MAIDs, the need for unified identity solutions has never been more urgent. Brands that can navigate the multi-ID landscape will unlock new levels of efficiency and personalization, while those that fail to adapt risk falling behind.
The path forward is clear: invest in identity solutions that bridge the gaps between devices, platforms, and channels, providing a full view of the customer. The future of marketing belongs to those who can manage identity in a fragmented world—and those who can’t will struggle to stay relevant.
Latest posts
With online video viewing at an all-time high and television networks and system providers increasingly making video content available to those who don’t pay for television, many are wondering if we’re on the cusp of a massive spike in cord-cutting numbers. In our recent Cross-Device Video Analysis, Experian Marketing Services found that that 7.3 percent of all U.S. homes are cord-cutters, meaning they have high-speed Internet but don’t pay for TV. And the pace is increasing. In the last year alone, one million more homes joined the cord-cutter ranks bringing the total to 8.6 million households. It should come as little surprise that cord-cutting is on the rise. As we reported in our video viewing habits post, 57 percent of all American adults and 75 percent of Millennials now watch some sort of digital video during a typical week with the smartphone being the most commonly used device for watching video either streamed or downloaded from the Internet. Consumers thinking about cutting the cord will find an industry increasingly working to remove barriers that typically stand between cord-cutters and programming from their favorite networks — in exchange for a small fee. For instance, CBS recently announced the launch of CBS All Access, a digital subscription service that provides live and on demand viewing of CBS programming. And Dish Network launched Sling TV, an over-the-top pay service that allows cord-cutters to stream live and recorded programming from networks like ESPN, Univision, CNN, HGTV and more. With HBO announcing an April launch of their digital-only streaming service, HBO Now, March may be the last month that many pay for cable or satellite. If the cord-cutting ranks are, in fact, about to swell, a common question is: by how much? Experian Marketing Services estimates that there are currently 13.8 million Americans — representing 5.6 million homes — who are prime to cut the cord. Many of those individuals already have one foot out the door, if you will, given that they are more likely than average to say that they watch less television today because of the Internet. They are also more likely to watch HBO and be fans of at least one major professional sport making them good targets for Sling TV and HBO Now. Given that many cord-cutters already pay for Netflix and/or Hulu Plus, the net savings to those on the fence may be smaller than they think once they add up the costs they’ll assume from piecing together, à la carte, the various subscriptions and downloads required to keep watching their favorite programs. Whether or not we’re on the cusp of a major spike in cord-cutting, the fact is that consumers are increasingly getting their video content from digital sources and marketers need to understand where, how, when and what consumers are watching to ensure that their video campaigns are optimized for today’s digital consumer. For more information about cord-cutters and cross-device video consumption, including consumer receptivity to digital video advertising, download the Cross-Device Video Analysis.
Advertising Age recently released their annual Marketing Fact Pack, featuring data from Experian Marketing Services that looks at habits of digital consumers. This post highlights some of these findings. In the 2015 AdAge Marketing Fact Pack, we featured stats on key marketing and consumer trends impacting the advertising industry. Highlights include the lifestyle of the digitally connected consumer, including the habits of smartphone and television users, household and personal use of smart devices and the choice between becoming a cord-cutter and staying connected. An estimated 7.3 percent of U.S. households (8.6 million homes) today are considered “cord-cutters,” meaning they have high speed Internet but no cable or satellite television service. That number is up from 4.5 percent of households (5.1 million homes) in 2010, a comparative increase of 60 percent. Despite the growing number of consumers who use digital devices to watch video (as opposed to viewing on a television), it has not been enough to overwhelmingly convince all households to cut the cord. Instead, it seems as if the ability to stream or download video directly to the television is what ultimately seals the deal. As streaming devices like Roku, Apple TV, Amazon Fire TV and Google Chromecast become more common and as televisions themselves are increasingly connected to the Internet directly, we can only expect the number of cord-cutters to grow. To learn more about video viewing behaviors to improve your strategies for reaching digital consumers, register to join our upcoming webinar Online video: engaging consumers in a multi-screen world.
The next generation of mothers have emerged and they are under more pressure than ever before. In addition to balancing work and family life, moms have the added stress of making sure they are keeping their children safe in our digital-focused society. Moms today have access to a myriad of online information including communities where members can address everything from the elimination of processed foods from their family’s diet to whether or not to vaccinate their children. In a recent in-depth analysis, Experian Marketing Services identified five distinct segments of moms and revealed their attitudes, behaviors, motivations and media and consumer preferences. With these insights, marketers can effectively target and engage each segment with more personalized messages. Striving Moms – This segment accounts for 27 percent of moms. They are predominantly young, diverse, often single women who have confidence and aspirations of success. Fast facts: They commonly view money as the best measure of success They are more likely to have kids under the age of five They are tech-savvy and the segment most likely to say they need to be connected to the Internet from the minute they wake up until the moment they go to sleep They have a keen sense of fashion and are tuned in to current styles and consumer trends Conventional Moms – This segment accounts for 20 percent of moms. Although most of them have full-time jobs, family still comes first and faith plays an important role in their life. Fast facts: They are the most likely to drive an SUV or mini-van While discretionary income is plentiful, they have little interest in shopping They are active on social media; they like to post photos, write product reviews and read articles shared by friends They often turn to prepared foods or simple recipes to put food on the table due to their busy schedules Alpha Moms – This segment accounts for 19 percent of moms. They are high octane lean-in moms, early adopters and trendsetters with full-time jobs and packed calendars. Fast facts: They wear designer clothes, drive the latest model car or SUV and have the latest electronics They will do whatever it takes to keep a youthful appearance The environment is important is to them, and they are supporters of the arts They are heavy users of social media and leverage it to interact with brands and share opinions Modest Moms – This segment accounts for 16 percent of moms. Like conventional moms, they are family and faith-oriented but they have more modest means and prefer a simple life. Fast facts: They prefer to indulge their kids with the funds they have rather than buy shiny new gadgets Family and faith are the most important things to them Nearly one-third are stay-at-home mothers Their main source of entertainment is watching television They are heavy users of social media and leverage it to interact with brands and share opinions Maverick Moms – This segment accounts for 18 percent of moms. They are independent trailblazers who are not afraid to make unconventional life choices. Fast facts: They are environmentally conscious, spiritual and prefer to buy organic and natural products While they are the most likely to be stay-at-home moms, they are also the most likely to own their own business They lead uncomplicated lives and use technology and social media with caution They prefer to postpone purchases for special occasions and have no trouble saying no to their kids Want more insights? Check out The Mom Report for deeper insights into the attitudes, behaviors, motivations and media and preferences of these five types of moms. You’ll discover tips to help target your best customers and craft messaging and offers that are sure to resonate.