Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers people and companies many advantages, and we interact with it every day. From the technology we use to do simple things like heating and cooling our homes, to more advanced tools that map potential disease outbreaks across the globe. AI is also being used more and more in the financial services sector – from matching new customers with the right loan and terms to assisting with transactions in real-time online. In a recent study, we found two-thirds of businesses surveyed globally are using AI to help manage their businesses today. More businesses are keen to use AI but are challenged to fulfill requirements for decision explainability – a must-do for ensuring consumers are treated fairly. The history of AI AI stems from the realization of the potential of computation. The father of theoretical computer science and AI, Alan Turing, introduced a theoretical mathematical model of computation – aptly named the Turing Machine – in 1936. He described this machine as being capable of computing anything computable. By 1950, his work posed the question “Can machines think?” He introduced the Turing Test, still in use today to subjectively evaluate whether a machine is intelligent based on its ability to have a conversation. Six years later, in 1956, prominent computer scientists proposed the famous Dartmouth Summer Project. Advanced concepts were introduced and discussed and the term "artificial intelligence" was first coined. Over the following two decades, AI flourished. Computers became not only faster, cheaper, and more accessible, but they were progressively able to store more information. Meanwhile, machine learning algorithms continued to improve, getting the interest of experts in different fields and industries and taking the realm of artificial intelligence to a tipping point in the early ’80s. Back then, John Hopfield and David Rumelhart popularized “deep learning” techniques which allowed computers to learn from experience. Meanwhile, Edward Feigenbaum introduced expert systems which mimicked the decision-making process of a human expert, allowing the program to ask an expert in a field how to respond in a given situation and to learn from it. How can AI benefit both businesses and consumers? Following these early milestones, the advanced analytics sector has experienced explosive growth – with AI impacting many aspects of our lives today. While most people have come to realize that AI can be beneficial, even since the early days, there have been many different views on how those involved in programming the algorithms must take the necessary steps to prevent AI from reinforcing stereotypes, widening wealth and educational gaps, or providing incorrect answers at critical junctures such as in a medical setting. As an example of what not to do: a famous language model was trained using 8 million pages sourced directly from the web. So, implicit in this model are the preconceptions and biases included in its training data. In this case, it led to a model with a trend towards greater male bias in more senior, higher-paying jobs. How to determine fairness in AI models So how can we ensure that the use of AI does not reinforce societal racism, sexism, or other stereotypes? That leads us to define fairness. It’s the impartial and just treatment of people without favoritism or discrimination; when no unjustified distinctions occur based on groups, classes, or other categories to which they are perceived to belong. But, within the world of AI, there are varying approaches to fairness associated with different metrics to evaluate and adopt this sought-after algorithmic fairness. Any solution requires defining dimensions of fairness, but realistically, it’s extremely hard to capture all these very sensitive variables and risky to store and process them. To truly determine if an AI system is fair requires an enormous amount of data and expertise. Additionally, promoting fairness requires an approach across the entire data science life cycle and modeling life cycle. All areas must be considered from the approach to data collection to ongoing evaluation of decisions. And, while fairness in AI is not ‘once and done’ or easily solved, the good news is that it is an area of great focus for regulators, academics, and data and analytics industry experts, like our peers at Experian. The growing importance of transparency and explainability Models generally compute calculations that are complex and involve more dimensions than we can directly comprehend. Given this processing step from model-input-to-model-output is unclear, it leads to questions around how a model has come to a decision. Importantly, how can one be sure that the model is behaving as expected? There are different ways to address explainability. One includes an understanding of how different inputs of a model affect its outputs. Shapley values, introduced by Nobel prize winner Lloyd Shapely, consider an aggregate of marginal contributions for all possible combinations. Another technique involves explaining the behavior of a decision by identifying model constants verse variables to extract what drove a decision and how. Yet another method uses counterfactual explanations, identifying the precise boundary where a decision changes. This method is easy to communicate since it involves statements such as if X had not occurred, Y would not have happened. As in the case of fairness, there’s an on-going dialogue around explainability, underpinned by current and yet to emerge new techniques that maintain model accuracy and improve explainability. Artificial intelligence is past its infancy stage. It’s already had an impact on our daily lives and is becoming increasingly ubiquitous. Fairness, along with a transparent and explainable approach are key ingredients to help this field continue its transition to maturity.

If the past year revealed the rising demand for everything digital—it also highlighted key aspects of the online customer journey that organizations have neglected. Until now, most companies have prioritized their digital investments around the revenue-generating aspects of the customer experience. Online account onboarding, e-commerce, and credit lending are prime examples. However, when consumers require different outcomes such as payment support, the interactions are often still handled by call centers. We saw the consequences of this play out during the pandemic. As stay-at-home orders left call centers closed or understaffed, customers who needed help found themselves spending hours on the phone—or worse, were left without guidance. This digital disconnect may be common, but hopefully not for long. Forward-looking companies are creating end-to-end digital customer experiences that benefit customers and the business. From improved customer LTV (Life Time Value) to cost savings, the results reveal that prioritizing customers at every turn pays. The future of digital experiences revealed The last year yielded many insights into how, why, and when customers engage with a business digitally. Faced with few options, customers turned to online resources in droves. And unlike years past, when younger generations have driven digital adoption, the crisis forced customers of all ages to engage with businesses online. Around the world, companies rose to the challenge. According to Experian research, nine out of 10 businesses currently have a strategy for serving their digital customers, with 47% implementing their strategies since Covid-19 began. The rapid shift to digital uncovered opportunities to reach new markets. For example, online grocer Instacart™ launched support services specifically for seniors interested in grocery delivery. However, the sudden spike in consumer demand for engaging with businesses online also revealed significant gaps in the digital customer journey. Consider that only one in four consumers report that they can get help when they need it from a customer representative while online. We saw this play out in real-time after a global bank reached out because it needed a digital solution for payment support. The company had traditionally routed customers to a call center for help. But during the crisis, it was overwhelmed by demand. While working with this bank on a self-serve solution that enabled customers to address their payment concerns online, the experience revealed something important about the future of digital experiences: Regardless of where they are in their journey, customers expect—and deserve—the same experience. True digital yields a true value   Investing in a seamless digital customer journey is a long game, but it's one that can pay off exponentially. As we’ve seen, organizations have prioritized digital investment that brings in near-term revenue. These include mobile capabilities that increase customer conversions or personalized offerings that boost the average spend. And make no mistake, digital solutions that meet these needs are essential. But the customer who applies for a vacation loan may be the same one who later needs a payment holiday. Meeting these needs digitally, no matter what they are, engenders deep loyalty. Companies that support their customers during downtimes will gain customers for life and reap the benefits when those individuals are inevitably back on their feet again. The happy result is not only increased financial stability for customers but also improved advocacy scores and customer lifetime value. Additionally, an end-to-end digital customer experience can yield unexpected cost savings. For instance, an organization we recently worked with was spending an average of $35 per customer interaction. Their customers accessed customer service representatives via many independent channels, incurring costs each time they connected. We provided them with a multi-channel digital solution that reduced the cost to between $5 and $7 that allowed several interactions and provided consistent experience in the process. In the end, the company was able to deliver better service at a much lower cost point. From here to there The goal of building an end-to-end digital experience is a worthy one, and there are a few components of a forward-looking digital strategy that will help ensure success. First, companies need to create systems and cultures that allow them to respond to changing customer demands. No one predicted that a pandemic would rapidly accelerate our digital shift. But the companies improved their digital capabilities to meet the need came out ahead. Also, while customers experience the technology's front-end, orchestrating and supporting that journey across a range of consumer touchpoints driven by different events is equally as important. Implementing decisioning tools that leverage data across systems allows you to create advanced analytical models that predict customer behavior, potential problems, and more. Organizations can then make decisions in real-time to support customers and the business when they need help, be it a global pandemic or an environmental event. Lastly, taking advantage of emerging technologies can ensure your company keeps pace with the rapidly evolving expectations customers have for their digital experience. For example, AI-powered virtual assistants learn from every interaction and provide more personalized service than a standard chatbot that uses decision trees. These virtual assistants won't replace humans but leveraging them to augment customer experiences offers additional support to customers and creates continuity across the experience. The shift we've seen is about more than meeting the digital demand. At the core, it's about leveraging digital capabilities to see, understand and prioritize customers at all points of their journey. Then we can offer them proactive solutions that make their lives better and strengthen our businesses along the way. Related stories: New research available: Global Insights Report, February 2021  The role of the virtual assistant: Meet consumer demand for the digital experience Cloud-based decision management software is a must for re-imagining the customer journey

Since the Pandemic began consumers have been scammed more than ever before. From phishing emails, fake websites, and other scams intended to steal personal and financial information, to fake pharmaceutical goods or goods that never arrived, to account takeovers, multiple ways to defraud people have emerged or re-emerged at an alarming rate. It's an understatement to say that now more than ever customers need to be protected and it's the right time for businesses to improve some of their capabilities and offer their clients the secure experience that they expect. The results from our recent  global research study of changing behaviors and priorities throughout the pandemic show us just how important online security has become for consumers: Half of the consumers surveyed say they are very/somewhat concerned about conducting activities online; with the concern being most significant in India (69%) 4-in-10 consumers express increased levels of concern about online activities since C-19. The level of concern about consumer online activities and transactions has increased significantly since C-19 in India (61%), Brazil (57%), Singapore (53%), and US (44%) – one-fifth of consumers in the US and Brazil say that their level of concern has increased significantly. 42% feel that they are more of a target for online fraud now than before COVID-19, while only 25% feel safer about sharing personal information now than they did before COVID19 The largest sources of concern among consumers are credit card information being stolen (36%), online privacy (34%), identity theft (33%), and phishing email (32%). Consumers in India, Singapore, the US, and Brazil show generally more concern. Consumers have become increasingly positive towards more security measures One positive tendency that's been observed due to the increased security concerns is that consumers have become more comfortable with security measures being added online in order to protect them better: 55% percent of consumers expect more security steps when they are online and 49% want to have more visible security measures in place while on websites 47% of all consumers are expecting business to place strong security measures that they cannot see with another 40% expecting integration of features that recognize them during online purchasing without requiring them to share their personal data In fact, US consumers have increasing expectations on strong invisible securities (increased from 50% to 59% from June 2020 to January 2021) as well as identity authentication without sharing personal data (increased from 33% to 40% from June 2020 to January 2021) Consumers are accepting of biometrics and businesses should consider using it  It is not a surprise that fraud prevention methodologies such as physical biometrics (which is visible) and behavioral biometrics (which is invisible) have become more popular with the public. Both can be added as an extra layer in order to improve the authentication process by increasing its trustworthiness and efficacy. What’s also vital is that none of the two is compromising the user experience too much when compared with other more traditional authentication methodologies such as passwords or knowledge-based authentication: 74% of consumers are feeling very secure while using physical biometrics with another 16% feeling somewhat secure 66% of consumers are feeling very secure when being protected by behavioral biometrics with another 24% feeling somewhat secure So, as over half of businesses (55%) expect to increase their fraud management budgets in the next 6 months, it's recommended that they take notice of these trends and act now. What's even more important is that companies that invest in advanced customer authentication methods benefit from improved customer opinion, which feels like a win-win scenario for both parties involved: When physical biometrics are used, 57% of global consumers indicate that this enhances (somewhat/very much) their opinion of the organization When behavioral biometrics are used, 53% of global consumers say that they have a better opinion (somewhat/very much) about the organization implementing them Related stories: Global Insights Report Wave 3 (February 2021)  Global Insights Report Wave 1 (June/July 2020) What your customers say about opening new accounts online during Covid-19

In the past year, we have witnessed an unseen acceleration of both digital transformation projects underway and new initiatives to digitize the many ways consumers and organizations interact. In fact, the consumer demand for the digital channel has increased at a rate that few could have predicted. Our latest research shows that positive digital engagements have become the main driver of this shift, contributing to higher satisfaction… and higher consumer expectations for their online experiences. For example, even as consumers enjoy the ease of their online banking and shopping, security is top-of-mind. In fact, 55% of consumers we have recently surveyed globally say security is the most important factor in their digital experience – this is highest in the UK (65%), followed by Japan (64%) Businesses have taken note and are renewing their focus on preventing and mitigating account takeover fraud, transactional fraud, and digital takeaway fraud. And they’re looking for solutions they can use throughout the digital customer journey, not just account opening. Departing from old ways of securing the digital experience At Experian Decision Analytics we are doing a number of interesting things to deal with digital fraud. Fraud remains the biggest challenge among businesses and, in the current environment, it’s more important than ever to go with the times. All of that calls for a departure from the old style of managing identity and the risk of fraud online. In the old world, we would look at a transaction and decide whether or not we thought the person on the other side was the one that claimed to be. And if we had risk we're concerned about it, then our clients would stop the transaction. That's not the right way to do it any longer; the right way to do it is a layered approach. It means applying a passive approach that sits behind the transaction and is coupled with physical and behavioral biometrics as well as other digital identity factors, and that constantly monitors the transaction passively and only raises the alarm when multiple signals coming from different technologies are throwing up an alarm. The result of this layered approach is a better experience for the consumer and the business, with less friction and higher accuracy.

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