In 2022, Google began changing the availability of the information available in User-Agent strings across their Chromium browsers. The change is to use the set of HTTP request header fields called Client Hints. Through this process, a server can request, and if approved by the client, receive information that would have been previously freely available in the User-Agent string. This change is likely to have an impact on publishers across the open web that may use User-Agent information today.
To explain what this change means, how it will impact the AdTech industry, and what you can do to prepare, we spoke with Nate West, our Director of Product.
What is the difference between User-Agents and Client Hints?
A User-Agent (UA) is a string, or line of text, that identifies information about a web server’s browser and operating system. For example, it can indicate if a device is on Safari on a Mac or Chrome on Windows.
Here is an example UA string from a Mac laptop running Chrome:

To limit the passive fingerprinting of users, Google is reducing components of the UA strings in their Chromium browsers and introducing Client Hints. When there is a trusted relationship between first-party domain owners and third-party servers, Client Hints can be used to share the same data.
This transition began in early 2022 with bigger expected changes beginning in February 2023. You can see in the above example, Chrome/109.0.0.0, where browser version information is already no longer available from the UA string on this desktop Chrome browser.
How can you use User-Agent device attributes today?
UA string information can be used for a variety of reasons. It is a component in web servers that has been available for decades. In the AdTech space, it can be used in various ad targeting use cases. It can be used by publishers to better understand their audience. The shift to limit access and information shared is to prevent nefarious usage of the data.
What are the benefits of Client Hints?
By using Client Hints, a domain owner, or publisher, can manage access to data activity that occurs on their web properties. Having that control may be advantageous. The format of the information shared is also cleaner than parsing a string from User-Agents. Although, given that Client Hints are not the norm across all browsers, a long-term solution may be needed to manage UA strings and Client Hints.
An advantage of capturing and sharing Client Hint information is to be prepared and understand if there is any impact to your systems and processes. This will help with the currently planned transition by Google, but also should the full UA string become further restricted.
Who will be impacted by this change?
Publishers across the open web should lean in to understand this change and any potential impact to them. The programmatic ecosystem supporting real-time bidding (RTB) needs to continue pushing for adoption of OpenRTB 2.6, which supports the passing of client hint information in place of data from UA strings.
What is Google’s timeline for implementing Client Hints?

Do businesses have to implement Client Hints? What happens if they don’t?
Not capturing and sharing with trusted partners can impact capabilities in place today. Given Chromium browsers account for a sizable portion of web traffic, the impact will vary for each publisher and tech company in the ecosystem. I would assess how UA strings are in use today, where you may have security concerns or not, and look to get more information on how to maintain data sharing with trusted partners.
We can help you adopt Client Hints
Reach out to our Customer Success team at tapadcustomersuccess@experian.com to explore the best options to handle the User-Agent changes and implement Client Hints. As leaders in the AdTech space, we’re here to help you successfully make this transition. Together we can review the options available to put you and your team on the best path forward.
About our expert

Nate West, Director of Product
Nate West joined Experian in 2022 as the Director of Product for our identity graph. Nate focuses on making sure our partners maintain and grow identity resolution solutions today in an ever-changing future state. He has over a decade of experience working for media organizations and AdTech platforms.
Latest posts

It seems that every time I go into a store today, I am offered a loyalty card. From one of my favorite local restaurants to my shoe store VIP program, I feel like I am getting a host of emails and points at every turn. Statistics support my theory: according to a recent Experian Data Quality study, 91 percent of organizations use loyalty programs. Why did they become so prevalent? Today’s consumer is more empowered than ever before and driving major change within business. In the era of Yelp, digital channels and a 24/7 shopping cycle, organizations have less control. Just look at the shoe market, which you can tell I pay attention to. It used to be that you would purchase whatever your local department store or brick-and-mortar retail had to offer, which might be 50 different options. Now, you can go online, read reviews and browse hundreds of different choices based on style and color. In fact, last night I went online and searched for black boots and scrolled through six pages of different options! Loyalty programs are a counter balance to that choice and empowered customer behavior. They make sure that while I am shopping for shoes, I am probably doing it through my preferred store and earning reward points for free merchandise. And through the loyalty process, companies are collecting a lot of data. Customers usually need to provide more than three types of information to sign up, the most popular being email, followed by name and phone number. However, collecting this information accurately isn’t always easy, which is why poor data collection is one of the leading problems for loyalty programs. Eighty-one percent of companies face challenges related to these programs, the two biggest being not enough customers signing up and poor contact data. Inaccurate data means that a customer has signed up, but the marketer is unable to communicate with them in the desired channels. This clear drop in communication and a potentially bad customer experience could be by improved data collection. Sixty-four percent of respondents say this is a needed improvement. Let’s go back to my shoe retailer example. If they had collected my email wrong, I wouldn’t get my email confirmations or offers around upcoming sales. If they got my address wrong, I wouldn’t be receiving my shoes. Considering how much money I spend on shoes annually, which I am ashamed to admit, if any of those items went wrong, I might switch to a competitor. That can equate to a lot of money annually, especially when you look at it across a large number of clients. When a customer chooses to sign up for a loyalty program, they are making a commitment to the company and expecting something in return, be it points, free shipping, coupons or just company updates. However, if bad contact information is collected, then the consumer often never receives the benefits, resulting in a bad customer experience. In the next year, marketers need to data validation in place to ensure information is accurate upon collection. This type of software can be implemented across all channels where information is collected and ensure data is accurate while the consumer is still engaged. If information is accurate when it is collected, then loyalty programs have a better chance at engaging consumers and actually seeing the benefit that a loyalty program can provide. To learn more about loyalty programs and the research mentioned above, please read our new white paper, Driving customer loyalty.

When building marketing plans these are the top trends marketers need to know and consider Crowdsourcing, Programmatic Buying, The Internet of Things … these are all concepts that today’s savvy marketer needs to be thinking about. We can’t emphasize it enough: the marketing landscape changes almost daily, sometimes without us even realizing it. The three concepts I just mentioned weren’t even part of our lexicon a few short years (or even months) ago, but are now important trends marketers need to know and consider when building out marketing plans. Take crowdsourcing, for example. Experian Marketing Services research showed that the number of ratings or reviews posted online has increased by 30 percent in the past two years and the number of adults who say they pay attention to such reviews has increased by 33 percent. Brands are capitalizing on the trend by engaging their consumers in communities that share their content and even help them design new products. Programmatic Buying, which refers to the automation of online ad buying, has exploded over the last few years as publishers like AOL have started focusing less on selling remnant inventory and started offering their premium inventory to advertisers up front. This has led to the packaging of “audiences” that marketers can use to target customers across channels and devices. And one of this year’s biggest trends is the rise of the “Internet of Things,” which is, essentially, everyday objects that connect to the Internet to improve efficiency, connectivity and user experience. Think smart light bulbs that you can control from your smartphone, or smart thermostats that also connect to your phone and allow you to adjust the temperature in your house before you get home from work. If you find these concepts interesting, please read “Trending Now” to get more insights into these trends marketers need to know and several other fresh marketing ideas that are changing the way marketers are thinking about planning today.

Q&A with John Fetto, Senior Analyst, Marketing & Research Earlier this year, Experian Marketing Services released our Cross-Device Video Analysis. The analysis has generated such strong and sustained interest from marketers and the media, we wanted to explore the subject further. The following is an exchange with the report’s lead author John Fetto who answers some common questions that we’ve received since the analysis was published. Q: In the Cross-Device Video Analysis, you report that consumers are “cutting the cord” on pay cable and satellite television services. Can you elaborate on this trend? What’s driving it? According to our research at Experian Marketing Services, U.S. consumers are increasingly likely to have high speed Internet at home but no cable or satellite TV subscription. There are two primary consumer trends driving this: 1) Households that never subscribed to a pay TV service are now upgrading to broadband Internet; 2) Households that previously subscribed to both pay TV service and broadband Internet that have since cancelled the cable or satellite TV subscription. While the vast majority of U.S. households pay for either cable or satellite TV, an estimated 15.1 million (or 12.9 percent of households) do not. That’s up from 13.5 million households (11.9 percent) who didn’t pay for TV in 2009. At the same time, the share of broadband households is also rising. Today, 72.7 million homes (61.4 percent) have broadband Internet, up from 65.0 million homes (56.9 percent) in 2009. As Americans’ Internet connection at home is increasingly fast enough to deliver high quality video content through sites like YouTube, Netflix, Hulu and the like, as well as the ability to consume that online video content across an array of devices ranging from Internet-connected televisions to smartphones and tablets to computers, they are increasingly questioning whether they need to continue paying for TV. And more and more consumers are deciding to cut the cord. Q: With more consumers cutting the cord, how are they consuming video content? While the most commonly used device to consume online video is the smartphone — used by 24 percent of adults during a typical week to watch online video, according to our research — “cord cutters” are primarily using Internet-connected TV to consume online video. In fact, an adult who watches online video on their TV is 3.2 times more likely than the average adult to be a cord-cutter. This means that the Internet-connected TV market is critical in predicting the future of the cord-cutting consumer. As existing devices like Apple TV, Chromecast and Roku are upgraded and new devices like Amazon Fire TV are introduced to the market, consumers will have more and more options to consume online video without sacrificing quality or screen size. As a result, more consumers will be reconsidering whether they need to continue paying for TV. Q: What percent of consumers get their television programming from various sources including cable, satellite, online streaming and free over the air TV? Combined, 87.1 percent of U.S. households subscribe to either cable or satellite TV. While Experian Marketing Services doesn’t specifically measure the percent of Americans who watch TV through an over the air feed (OTA) we know that among those who do not subscribe to cable or satellite, the vast majority (77 percent) still watch TV. And while it’s possible that some are viewing TV from a cable or satellite feed away from home, the most likely source of their TV content would be from OTA sources. That means that at least 10 percent of American adults are watching some TV through an OTA feed. In addition, 48 percent of all adults watch online video each week through a variety of devices. Those who don’t pay for TV are 12 percent more likely than those who have cable or satellite TV to watch online video (54 percent vs 48 percent). Q: The cord-cutting trend has many implications for the cable and satellite companies, but what do consumer-facing marketers and advertisers need to know about this trend? The growth in online video viewing creates many opportunities for marketers. Online audiences can be more easily targeted and served up advertising that is more relevant, responsive and measureable. Marketers can also be more confident that their online ad was actually seen, given that viewers are typically unable to skip ads. And while CPMs for online video ads may generally be lower than those of TV, marketers can use that savings to negotiate costs based on clicks or transactions rather than impressions, giving them a better picture into audience interest and insights to inform their budget allocation. Millennials are the most device “agnostic,” with more than one-third saying they don’t mind watching video on a portable device even if it means a smaller screen. That’s more than double the rate of those ages 35 and older. This decentralized viewing can create headaches for marketers who need to start a relationship with Millennials during this stage of their lives when they’re most open to trying out new brands and have yet to settle down. On the plus side, marketers who do manage to reach this audience will find them much more open to advertising than average. In fact, Millennials are more than four times more likely to say that video ads that they view on their cell phone are useful. So while the challenge is big, so is the potential reward. Download the full analysis to learn more about: Cross-device video behaviors to optimize media mix approach The impact of the growing trend in cord-cutters The rising influence of Internet-connected TV How to get more impact from video content