
2024 marked a significant year. AI became integral to our workflows, commerce and retail media networks soared, and Google did not deprecate cookies. Amidst these changes, ID bridging emerged as a hot topic, raising questions around identity reliability and transparency, which necessitated industry-wide standards. We believe the latest IAB OpenRTB specifications, produced in conjunction with supply and demand-side partners, set up the advertising industry for more transparent and effective practices.
So, what exactly is ID bridging?
As signals, like third-party cookies, fade, ID bridging emerged as a way for the supply-side to offer addressability to the demand-side. ID bridging is the supply-side practice of connecting the dots between available signals, that were generated in a way that is not the expected default behavior, to understand a user’s identity and communicate it to prospective buyers. It enables the supply-side to extend user identification beyond the scope of one browser or device.

Imagine you visit a popular sports website on your laptop using Chrome. Later, you use the same device to visit the same sports website, but this time, on Safari. By using identity resolution tools, a supply-side partner can infer that both visits are likely from the same user and communicate with them as such.
ID bridging is not inherently a bad thing. However, the practice has sparked debate, as buyers want full transparency into the use of a deterministic identifier versus an inferred one. This complicates measurement and frequency capping for the demand-side. Before OpenRTB 2.6, ID bridging led to misattribution as the demand-side could not attribute ad exposures, which had been served to a bridged ID, to a conversion, which had an ID different from the ad exposure.
OpenRTB 2.6 sets us up for a more transparent future
In 2010, the IAB, along with supply and demand-side partners, formed a consortium known as the Real-Time Bidding Project for companies interested in an open protocol for the automated trading of digital media. The OpenRTB specifications they produced became that protocol, adapting with the evolution of the industry.
The latest evolution, OpenRTB 2.6, sets out standards that strive to ensure transparency in real-time bidding, mandating how the supply-side should use certain fields to more transparently provide data when inferring users’ identities.
What’s new in OpenRTB 2.6?
Here are the technical specifications for the industry to be more transparent when inferring users’ identities:
- Primary ID field: This existing field now can only contain the “buyeruid,” an identifier mutually recognized and agreed upon by both buyer and seller for a given environment. For web environments, the default is a cookie ID, while for app activity, it is a mobile advertising ID (MAID), passed directly from an application downloaded on a device. This approach ensures demand-side partners understand the ID’s source.
- Enhanced identifier (EID) field: The EID field, designated for alternative IDs, now accommodates all other IDs. The EID field now has additional parameters that provide buyers transparency into how the ID was created and sourced, which you can see in the visual below:

Using the above framework, a publisher who wants to send a cross-environment identifier that likely belongs to the same user would declare the ID as “mm=5,” while listing the potential third-party identity resolution partner under the “matcher” field, which the visual below depicts. This additional metadata gives the demand-side the insights they need to evaluate the reliability of each ID.

“These updates to OpenRTB add essential clarity about where user and device IDs come from, helping buyers see exactly how an ID was created and who put it into the bidstream. It’s a big step toward greater transparency and trust in the ecosystem. We’re excited to see companies already adopting these updates and can’t wait to see the industry fully embrace them by 2025.”
Hillary Slattery, Sr. Director, Programmatic, Product Management, IAB Tech Lab
Experian will continue supporting transparency
As authenticated signals decrease due to cookie deprecation and other consumer privacy measures, we will continue to see a rise in inferred identifiers. Experian’s industry-leading Digital Graph has long supported both authenticated and inferred identifiers, providing the ecosystem with connections that are accurate, scalable, and addressable. Experian will continue to support the industry with its identity resolution products and is supportive of the IAB’s efforts to bring transparency to the industry around the usage of identity signals.
Supply and demand-side benefits of adopting the new parameters in OpenRTB 2.6
- Partner collaboration: Clarity between what can be in the Primary ID field versus the EID field provides clear standards and transparency between buyers and sellers.
- Identity resolution: The supply side has an industry-approved way to bring in inferred IDs while the demand side can evaluate these IDs, expanding addressability.
- Reducing risk: With accurate metadata available in the EID field, demand-side partners can evaluate who is doing the match and make informed decisions on whether they want to act on that ID.
Next steps for the supply and demand-sides to consider
For supply-side and demand-side partners looking to utilize OpenRTB 2.6 to its full potential, here are some recommended steps:
For the supply-side:
- Follow IAB Specs and provide feedback: Ensure you understand and are following transparent practices. Ask questions on how to correctly implement the specifications.
- Vet identity partners: Choose partners who deliver the most trusted and accurate identifiers in the market.
- Be proactive: Have conversations with your partners to discuss how you plan to follow the latest specs, which identity partners you work with, and explain how you plan to provide additional signals to help buyers make better decisions.
We are beginning to see SSPs adopt this new protocol, including Sonobi and Yieldmo.
“The OpenRTB 2.6 specifications are a critical step forward in ensuring transparency and trust in programmatic advertising. By aligning with these standards, we empower our partners with the tools needed to navigate a cookieless future and drive measurable results.”
Michael Connolly, CEO, Sonobi
These additions to the OpenRTB protocol further imbue bidding transactions with transparency which will foster greater trust between partners. Moreover, the data now available is not only actionable, but auditable should a problem arise. Buyers can choose, or not, to trust an identifier based on the inserter, the provider and the method used to derive the ID. While debates within the IAB Tech Lab were spirited at times, they ultimately drove a collaborative process that shaped a solution designed to work effectively across the ecosystem.”
Mark McEachran, SVP of Product Management, Yieldmo
For the demand side:
- Evaluation: Use the EID metadata to assess all the IDs in the EID field, looking closely at the identity vendors’ reliability. Select partners who meet high standards of data clarity and accuracy.
- Collaboration: Establish open communication with supply-side partners and tech partners to ensure they follow the best practices in line with OpenRTB 2.6 guidelines and that there’s a shared understanding of the mutually agreed upon identifiers.
- Provide feedback: As OpenRTB 2.6 adoption grows, consistent feedback from demand-side partners will help the IAB refine these standards.
Moving forward with reliable data and data transparency
As the AdTech industry moves toward a cookieless reality, OpenRTB 2.6 signifies a substantial step toward a sustainable, transparent programmatic ecosystem. With proactive adoption by supply- and demand-side partners, the future of programmatic advertising will be driven by trust and transparency.
Experian, our partners, and our clients know the benefits of our Digital Graph and its support of both authenticated and inferred signals. We believe that if the supply-side abides by the OpenRTB 2.6 specifications and the demand-side uses and analyzes this data, the programmatic exchange will operate more fairly and deliver more reach.
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With U.S. brands expected to invest over $28 billion in connected TV (CTV) in 2024, balancing linear TV and CTV is now a top priority. Advertisers need to integrate these platforms as the TV landscape evolves to reach audiences with various viewing habits. A successful strategy requires both linear and CTV approaches to effectively reach audiences at scale. We interviewed experts from Comcast Advertising, Disney, Fox, Samsung Ads, Snowflake, and others to gain insights on the evolving landscape of linear and CTV. In our video, they discuss audience fragmentation, data-driven targeting, measurement challenges, and more. Watch now to hear their perspectives. Five considerations for connecting with linear TV and CTV audiences 1. Adapt to audience fragmentation With consumers' rapid shift toward streaming, it's easy to overlook the enduring significance of linear TV, which still commands a large portion of viewership. According to Jamie Power of the Walt Disney Company, roughly half of the current ad supply remains linear, highlighting the need for brands to adapt their strategies to target traditional TV viewers and cord-cutters. As streaming continues to rise, ensuring your strategy integrates both CTV and linear TV is crucial for reaching the full spectrum of audiences. "I don't think that we thought the world would shift so quickly to streaming, but it's not always just all about streaming; there's still such a massive audience in linear."jamie power, disney 2. Combine linear TV’s reach with CTV’s precision Blending the reach of linear TV with the granular targeting capabilities of CTV allows advertisers to engage both broad and niche audiences. Data is critical in understanding audience behavior across these platforms, enabling brands to create highly relevant campaigns tailored to specific audience segments. This strategic use of data enhances engagement and ensures that the right viewers see advertising campaigns. "The future of TV is really around managing the fragmentation of audiences and making sure that you can reach those audiences addressably wherever they're watching TV."carmela fournier, comcast Advertising 3. Manage frequency across platforms Cross-platform campaigns require managing ad frequency to avoid oversaturation while ensuring adequate exposure. With a variety of offline and digital IDs resolved to consumers, our Digital and Offline Graphs can help maintain consistent messaging across linear TV and CTV. This approach allows advertisers to strike the right balance, preventing ad fatigue and delivering the right audience reach for campaign impact. "You've got to make sure that you're not reaching the same homes too many times, that you're reaching everybody the right amount of times."justin rosen, ampersand 4. Focus on consistent measurement Linear TV and CTV offer different data granularities, necessitating tailored approaches for accurate cross-platform campaign measurement. Bridging these data gaps requires advanced tools that streamline reporting for both mediums. As the industry moves toward consistent measurement standards, advertisers must adopt solutions that provide a comprehensive view of campaign performance, enabling them to optimize their cross-platform efforts. "Where I think there are pitfalls are with the measurement piece, it's highly fragmented, there's more work to be done, we're not necessarily unified in terms of a consistent approach to measurement."april weeks, basis 5. Align with shifts in audience behavior The success of cross-platform campaigns hinges on staying agile and responsive to shifting audience preferences. As CTV adoption grows, advertisers must proactively adjust their strategies to align with how viewers engage across linear and streaming platforms. Ideas include: Regularly updating creative Adjusting the media mix Utilizing real-time data insights to ensure campaigns remain relevant "At Fox we were a traditional linear company, and essentially what we're trying to do is merge the reach and the scale of TV as well as the reach and the scale of all the cord-cutters and cord-nevers that Tubi possesses." Darren Sherriff – Foxdarren sherriff, fox As streaming TV rapidly changes, brands must stay ahead of trends and shifts in consumer behavior to tap into CTV's growing potential. By focusing on these opportunities, advertisers can blend linear TV and CTV, ensuring their campaigns reach audiences wherever they watch. Connect with Experian's TV experts As a trusted leader in data and identity services, Experian offers the expertise to help you succeed in television marketing. With our strong partnerships with key players in the TV industry, we provide access to unique marketing opportunities. Learn how Experian’s data and identity solutions can deliver outstanding results in advanced TV advertising. Partner with us today to enhance your marketing strategies using our Consumer View and Consumer Sync solutions. Connect with our TV experts Latest posts

In this article… Understanding the AI revolution in commerce Four benefits of the AI revolution coming to commerce Future trends and predictions Chart the future of commerce with Experian Technology is pushing the boundaries of commerce like never before. Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the primary driving technologies at the forefront of the commerce evolution, using advanced algorithms to revolutionize marketing and personalize customer experiences. As of 2024, AI adoption in e-commerce is skyrocketing, with 84% of brands already using it or gearing up to do so. This article explores the AI revolution coming to commerce, focusing on what makes AI a driving force for e-commerce in particular, and the ways it's reshaping how businesses engage with consumers. Understanding the AI revolution in commerce AI is quickly reshaping commerce as we know it by democratizing access to sophisticated tools once reserved for large corporations, breaking down functional silos within organizations, and integrating data from multiple sources to achieve deeper customer understanding. It’s paving the way for a future where every brand interaction is uniquely crafted for the individual, powered by AI systems that anticipate preferences proactively. AI is a broad term that encompasses: Data mining: The gathering of current and historical data on which to base predictions Natural language processing (NLP): The interpretation of human language by computers Machine learning: The use of algorithms to learn from past experiences or examples to enhance data understanding The capabilities of AI have significantly matured into powerful tools that can improve operational efficiency and boost sales, even for smaller businesses. They have also fundamentally changed how businesses interact with customers and handle operations. As AI continues to develop, it has the potential to provide even more seamless, personalized, and ethically informed commerce experiences and establish new benchmarks for engagement and efficiency in the marketplace. Four benefits of the AI revolution coming to commerce Major commerce players like Amazon have benefited from AI and related technologies for a while. Through machine learning, they’ve optimized logistics, curated their product selection, and improved the user experience. As this technology quickly expands, businesses have unlimited opportunities to see the same efficiency, growth, and customer satisfaction as Amazon. Here are four primary benefits of AI adoption in commerce. 1. Data-driven decision making AI gives businesses powerful tools to analyze large amounts of data more quickly and accurately than a person. Through advanced algorithms and machine learning, AI can sift through historical sales data, customer behavior patterns, and market trends to uncover insights and suggest actions that might not be immediately obvious to human analysts. By transforming raw data into actionable insights, AI empowers businesses to make more informed decisions, reduce risks, and capitalize on opportunities. As a real-world example, Foxconn, the largest electronics contract manufacturer worldwide, worked with Amazon Machine Learning Solutions Lab to implement AI-enhanced business analytics for more accurate forecasting. This move improved forecasting accuracy by 8%, saved $533,000 annually, reduced labor waste, and improved customer satisfaction through data-driven decisions. 2. A better customer experience AI is set to make customer interactions smoother, faster, and more personalized by recommending products based on preferences and behaviors, making it easier for customers to find what they need. When consumers visit an online store, AI also provides instantaneous help via a chatbot that knows their order history and preferences. These AI-powered assistants offer real-time help like a knowledgeable store clerk. They give the appearance of higher-touch support and can answer basic questions at any hour, provide personalized product recommendations, and even troubleshoot issues. Chatbots free up human customer service agents for more complicated matters, and these agents can then use AI to obtain relevant information and suggestions for the customer during an interaction. 3. Personalized marketing Data-driven personalization of the customer journey has been shown to generate up to eight times the ROI, as data shows 71% of consumers now expect personalized brand interactions. Until AI came around, personalization at scale was complex to achieve. Now, gathering and processing data about a customer’s shopping experience is easier than ever based on lookalike customers and past behavior. Many businesses have adopted AI to glean deeper insights into purchase history, web browsing, and social media interactions to drive better segmentation and targeting. With AI, advertisers can analyze behavioral and demographic data to suggest products someone is likely to love. Consumers can now browse many of their favorite online stores and see product recommendations that perfectly match their tastes and needs. AI can also offer special discounts based on purchasing habits, and send personalized emails with products and content that interest customers to make their shopping experience more engaging and relevant. This personalization helps businesses forge stronger customer relationships. Personalization across digital storefronts Retail media involves placing advertisements within a retailer's website, app, or other digital platform to help brands target consumers based on their behavior and preferences within that environment. Retail media networks (RMNs) expand this capability across multiple retail platforms to create seamless advertising opportunities throughout the customer journey. Integrating AI into RMNs can improve personalization across digital storefronts with personalized, relevant ads and custom offers in real time that improve the customer experience. 4. Operational efficiency AI can also be beneficial on the back end, enabling more efficient resource allocation, pricing optimization, efficiency, and productivity. Customers can be frustrated when they visit a store for a specific product only to find it out of stock or unavailable in a particular size. With AI, these situations can be prevented through algorithms that forecast demand for certain items. Retailers like Amazon and Walmart both use AI to predict demand, with Walmart even tracking inventory in real time so managers can restock items as soon as they run out. AI can automate and streamline operational tasks to help businesses run smoother, faster, and more cost-effective operations. It can: Offload tedious data entry, scheduling, and order processing tasks for greater fulfillment accuracy. Analyze historical data and market trends, predicting demand to help businesses optimize inventory, reduce waste, track online and in-store sales, and prevent shortages. Forecast demand levels, transit times, and shipment delays to make better predictions about logistics and supply chains. Improve data quality using machine learning algorithms that find and correct product information errors, duplicates, and inconsistencies. Adjust prices based on competitor pricing, seasonal fluctuations, and market conditions to maximize profits. Pinpoint bottlenecks, identify issues before they escalate, and provide improvements for suggestions. Future trends and predictions If you want to stay ahead in e-commerce, it’s just as important to know what’s coming as it is to understand where things are today. Here are some of the trends expected to shape the rest of 2024 and beyond. Conversational commerce Conversational commerce allows real-time, two-way communication through AI-based text and voice assistants, social messaging apps, and chatbots. Generative AI advancements may soon enable more seamless, personalized interactions between customers and online retailers. This technology can improve customer engagement and satisfaction while providing helpful insights into preferences and behaviors for better personalization and targeting. Delivery optimization AI-driven delivery optimization uses AI to predict ideal routes for each individual delivery, boosting efficiency, reducing costs, promoting sustainability, and improving customer satisfaction throughout the delivery process. Visual search AI-driven visual search is quickly improving in accuracy, speed, and contextual understanding. Future developments may integrate seamlessly with augmented reality (AR) so shoppers can search for products by pointing their devices at physical objects. Social media and e-commerce platforms may soon incorporate visual search more prominently, allowing users to find products directly from images. AI content creation AI is already automating and optimizing aspects of content production: Algorithms can generate product descriptions, blog posts, and social media captions personalized to specific customer segments. AI tools also enable the creation of high-quality visuals and videos. NLP advancements ensure content is compelling and grammatically correct. AI-driven content strategies analyze consumer behavior and refine messaging to meet changing preferences and trends. This automation speeds up content creation while freeing resources for strategic planning and customer interaction. IoT integration Integrating AI with Internet of Things (IoT) devices could help make the ecosystem more interconnected in the future. AI algorithms can use data from IoT devices like smart appliances, wearables, and sensors to gather real-time insights into consumer behavior, preferences, and product usage patterns. This data enables personalized marketing strategies, predictive maintenance for products, and optimized inventory management. AI-driven IoT data analytics can also streamline supply chain operations to reduce costs and inefficiencies. Fraud detection and security There will likely be an increased focus on the ethical use of AI and data privacy regulations to strengthen consumer trust and transparency. AI-powered systems will get better at detecting and preventing fraud in e-commerce transactions, which will heighten security measures for both businesses and consumers. Chart the future of commerce with Experian AI has changed how marketers approach e-commerce in 2024. With AI-driven analytics and predictive capabilities, marketers can extract deeper insights from extensive data sets to gain a clearer understanding of consumer behavior. This enables refined segmentation, precise targeting, and real-time customization of messages and content to fit individual preferences. Beyond insights, AI automates routine tasks like ad placement, content creation, and customer service responses, freeing marketers to concentrate on strategic planning and creativity. Through machine learning, marketers can predict trends, optimize budgets, and fine-tune strategies faster and more accurately than ever. The time to embrace AI is now. At Experian, we’re here to help you make more data-driven decisions, deliver more relevant content, and reach the right audience at the right time. Using AI in your commerce marketing strategy with our Consumer View and Consumer Sync solutions can help you stay competitive with effective, engaging campaigns. Contact us to learn how we can empower your commerce advertising strategy today. Reach out Latest posts
In our Ask the Expert Series, we interview leaders from our partner organizations who are helping lead their brands to new heights in AdTech. Today’s interview is with Rachel Herbstman, VP of Data Innovation, and Anastasia Dukes-Asuen, Senior Director of Advanced TV Data & Insights at Ampersand. Could you introduce us to Ampersand and discuss your approach to TV advertising? Ampersand, a joint venture between Comcast, Charter, and Cox, is a media sales organization that offers a unified footprint, unlocking unparalleled scale and unique data/insights for local and national advertisers. Ampersand gives advertisers true audience first planning, scale in execution, and advanced measurement of their TV investments, representing 117 million multiscreen households and over 75% of addressable households in the U.S. (64 million households). We help clients reach their unique target audience and deliver their stories – anytime, anywhere, and on whatever device. How does adding streaming to a linear campaign, or vice versa, enhance overall campaign performance for marketers? Herbstman: Marketers have recognized that multiscreen media strategies are the strongest as viewership continues to fragment. Unique audiences exist in traditional TV and streaming, and failure to include either media channel will reduce the total reach opportunity. These channels have proven to validate unduplicated audiences. In our local business, adding streaming to a historically traditional linear-only media strategy increased campaign reach by 33%. Conversely, adding linear TV to a historically streaming-only media strategy increased reach by 209%. These metrics are validated by matching media exposures to an authenticated households subscriber ID and represent mass opportunities to reach new audiences with a multiscreen media strategy. When considering reallocating media investments, how does Ampersand help clients determine the most effective channels for specific campaigns? Herbstman: For a brand that historically invested in traditional TV, either national or local broadcast, we can provide insights to analyze the performance of any media campaign. The insights can include high-level metrics like reach and frequency and more granular metrics like unique reach per network. By seeing both the high-level results and more detailed granularity, we can provide optimization recommendations for funding other activation opportunities. Our database of past campaigns consistently demonstrates that gaining new eyeballs with a national TV campaign usually plateaus after a few weeks. In other words, if most of your intended audience is reached after about three or four weeks of national television, reaching any new viewers can be exponentially more expensive. We’ve built an Addressable Simulator tool for national advertisers that shows the potential impact of shifting a portion of the national media weight, specifically from the latter part of a flight, into addressable TV. Using our licensed Experian data set, we can measure any standard age/gender target or any advanced target to understand the complementary impact that addressable audience has on national media. This tool has dynamic inputs of CPMs and incidence rates, flight lengths, and budgets to simulate different scenarios and give marketers some intelligence on what holistic reach against that Experian segment they could expect with one given budget using brand-safe, traditional, and streaming inventory with an addressable activation. Additionally, we've developed an interactive eCPM calculator that helps national advertisers assess the cost efficiency of adding addressable TV to their traditional campaigns. By dynamically inputting CPMs, marketers can evaluate tradeoffs between media types for upcoming campaigns. Are there audience demographics that benefit from these combined media strategies, and what indicators or data points guide your recommendations to add cable to a local broadcast campaign versus other reallocations? Herbstman: By including cable or streaming in a local effort, a client can use a data-driven approach to find more intended viewers in other premium content. Utilizing the vast library of Experian audience segments paired with our robust sample of 64 million data-enabled homes enables Ampersand to provide insights into the most valuable networks and dayparts that the intended viewer will likely watch on either platform. With identity and viewing insights at scale, we can understand how consumers watch TV, even for inventory we have yet to sell. Our goal is to help marketers understand what’s happening as a result of their investments at a holistic level. We can analyze a campaign running across hundreds of designated market areas to quickly and simply understand the holistic delivery of their broadcast and cable weight by pulling back set-top-box exposures on broadcast and Ampersand-purchased cable on our measurable footprint. Then, we can determine the share of measurable reach that each portion’s media weight contributes to. We recommend optimizing towards a more balanced approach, where the reach levels for broadcast and cable mirror each other, creating a more effective market media mix. Once we confirm cable's potential in a market, we analyze network and daypart metrics to adjust key areas to optimize the campaign. We invite marketers to use these insights to measure their local or national TV campaign performance and garner unique perspectives to re-balance investments to drive reach and optimal frequencies. Are there common missteps to avoid? Dukes-Asuen: Ampersand's decades of experience with media and data insights have allowed us to create an extensive database complete with targeting and measurement benchmarks. We use this database to curate best practices for brands and help set them up for success, keeping their goals and objectives for reach and frequency in mind. Some clients spread their investment levels too thin, whether through short flight windows, low weekly frequencies, or targeting overly niche audiences that don't fully support KPI goals. One way to avoid these missteps is to set up a test-and-learn plan to validate a hypothesis and refine media strategies, ensuring campaigns are structured to garner meaningful insights. Ampersand can help ensure the test itself is constructed and supported to yield statistically relevant results, and the learnings can then be applied to the next campaign. How does Experian’s data enhance your campaigns at Ampersand? Dukes-Asuen: Within our Experian license, we can map the Experian Consumer View databases against our multichannel video programming distributors subscriber base in a privacy-compliant way to plan and activate them seamlessly. Experian has a rich set of audience targets and segmentation that we utilize to identify households that can be used for audience-based media execution with Ampersand. By defining the right audience—whether consumers are likely to purchase a product, exhibit certain behaviors, or demonstrate specific values—we enhance campaign performance and improve media spending efficiency for our advertisers. Additionally, how do you believe AI and other new technologies will impact your media buying approaches in the future, and how might these innovations improve campaign effectiveness and provide value to your clients? Herbstman: We have a strong use case on the measurement and analytics end. Using AI, we can aggregate a massive amount of historical data—viewership and exposure data. AI helps us understand overarching market trends and media performance to analyze campaign results and inform future campaign optimizations. The value of AI is in its role as an additional technology layer, enriching our insights portfolio and providing faster intelligence that enhances campaign effectiveness and delivers greater value to our clients. Can you share an example of how precise audience targeting and segmentation, powered by Experian, have led to significantly better media spend reallocations and campaign performance for marketers? One great example is how a national cruise brand dramatically improved its media spend and campaign performance by utilizing precise audience targeting and segmentation through Experian. By combining Ampersand’s addressable TV with Experian’s data-driven insights, they achieved a 14% incremental reach, a 3.1x higher frequency, and a 24% lower effective CPM. This strategic approach allowed them to reallocate their media spending more effectively, ensuring every impression reached their custom target audience. Thanks for the interview. For those interested in learning more about Ampersand, reach out for a personalized consultation. Contact us Latest posts